Research Article

ANALYZING THE LOGISTICS AND SUPPLY CHAIN PROCESSES IN PORTS AS A PERFORMANCE LEVER FOR NIGERIAN CEMENT AND ALLIED INDUSTRIES

Oni Babatope Gabriel1*, Adeogun, Oludare Akanni2
1 Department of Logistics and Supply Chain Management, Faculty of Management Sciences, Nigerian Defence Academy, Kaduna
2 Nigerian Institute for Oceanography and Marine Research, Victoria Island, Lagos.
* Corresponding author: bg.oni@nda.edu.ng
Published: Dec, 2025
DOI: 10.67894/bbr.2025.qdj4kq0t
Pages: 254-266
Views: 16
Downloads: 7

Abstract

This study investigates how logistics and supply chain processes at Nigerian ports affect the production and profitability of cement and allied products. Key factors examined include port to-factory transport costs, distances, administrative clearance costs, and time spent at seaports. Using a longitudinal survey of 90 Nigerian Exchange-listed companies between 2010 and 2019 (with 66% response rate), multiple regression analysis was conducted in SPSS.Findings show that port-to-factory transport costs and distances have a strong positive impact on profitability (β=0.475 and β=0.641), explaining 72.2% of profit variation. Conversely, administrative clearance costs and time have only marginal effects on profits (β=0.006 and β=0.188). The results indicate that while customs procedures minimally influence profits, transport efficiency from port to factory significantly drives financial performance.The study highlights the importance of optimizing inland logistics and port centric supply chains, suggesting that improving transport networks can transform inefficiencies into a sustainable competitive advantage for Nigerian cement manufacturers. 

Keywords

Logistics supply-chain processes in ports administrative clearance transport business profit.

References

  1. Abdullahi, M. E., Silas, S. S., Amarachukwu, E., & Yakubu, S. (2024). A review of the operational challenges in the cement industry in Nigeria. Journal of Environmental Planning and Sustainability, 8(2), 32–52.
  2. Adebayo, I. T., & Aworemi, J. R. (2021). Transport management practices and firms' performance in Nigeria. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management (pp. xx–xx), Rome, Italy, August 2–5.
  3. Adejugbe, M. O. A. (1970). A demand analysis for cement in Nigeria (Unpublished master's thesis). University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
  4. Akanbi, O. D., Oluwaseyi, R. H., & Owolabi, W. A. (2024). The role of supply chain management in enhancing industrial productivity and consumer satisfaction in the United States: The 4-quadrant approach. International Journal of Science and Research Archive, 13(1), 746–753. https://doi.org/xxxxx
  5. Aniki, A. O., Mbohwa, C., & Akinlabi, E. T. (2014). Improvement of logistics and supply chain management in the cement industry in Nigeria. In Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering (Vol. II), July 2–4, London, UK.
  6. Aradhana, V. G., Ateeque, S., & Pratima, A. S. (2017). Impact of supply chain management practices on firm performance: Empirical evidence from a developing country. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 45(4), 366–384. https://doi.org/xxxxx
  7. Doan, N. (2020). A review of the strategic role of supply chain management for developing competitive advantage. International Journal of Research, 12(1), 183–296.
  8. Ezeh, E. (2026). Current prices of cement in Nigeria (2026). Nigerian Search Guide. https://nigeriansearchguide.com/current-price-of-cement-in-nigeria
  9. Hokey, M., Seung, A., Hyang-Sook, L., & Heekeon, P. (2017). An integrated terminal operating system for enhancing the efficiency of seaport terminal operators. Maritime Economics & Logistics, 19(3), 428–450. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41278-017-0069-5
  10. Hoosang, M. B., Pejvak, O., Rana, M., & Magnus, H. (2014). Supply chain integration and firm performance: An empirical study of Swedish manufacturing firms. Competitiveness Review, 24(1), 20–31. https://doi.org/xxxxx
  11. Igwe, C. N., Oyelola, O. T., Ajiboshin, I. O., & Raheem, S. (2013). Nigeria's transportation system and the place of entrepreneurs: A review. Journal of Sustainable Development Studies, 3(2), 168–180.
  12. Kattey, G. P., Adiele, K. C., & Nwulu, S. C. (2025). Perpetual inventory and supply chain performance of cement manufacturing firms in South-South Nigeria. Journal of Contemporary Marketing, 8(1–2), 304–320.
  13. Kongkiti, P. (2013). Productivity management in an organization: Measurement and analysis. ToKnowPress.
  14. Lee, R. (2021). The effect of supply chain management strategy on operational and financial performance. Sustainability, 13(9), 5138. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13095138
  15. Mbachu, J. C., Ndikom, O. B., Nze, I. C., & Nwokedi, T. C. (2024). Evaluation of logistics performance of Nigerian ports in the post-privatization regime. Greener Journal of Business and Management Studies, 12(1), 38–52.
  16. Nigerian Cement Association. (2023). Rail transport of limestone: A case study of Kaduna cement plant (NCA Technical Report No. 7).
  17. Nwokedi, T. C., Ndikom, O. C., Okoroji, L. I., & Nwaorgu, J. (2021). Determinant port-related factors affecting the flow of shipping trade and logistics in Nigerian seaports. LOGI Scientific Journal on Transport and Logistics, 12(1), 261–270. https://doi.org/xxxxx
  18. Oni, B. G., & Ojekunle, J. A. (2022). Determining the effects of customs procedure on cargo clearance time in Nigerian seaports. International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Studies, 1(3), 23–35.
  19. Oni, B. G., Ojekunle, A. J., & Okeleke, U. J. (2024). Implications of customs and intermodal hinterland transportation on shippers' business performance in Nigeria. NDA Journal of Management Sciences Research, 4(1), 26–35.
  20. Oni, B. G., Adebayo, T. M., Anozie, R. N., Ajiboye, A. O., & Oluwakoya, O. A. (2025). Influence of cost and time of transportation on business performance of multinational organisations in Nigeria. Journal of Environmental Spectrum, 1(1), 18–25.
  21. Rajen, P. (2020). What is supply chain management and why is it important in modern manufacturing industries such as high-precision casting and metal cutting? LinkedIn. https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/what-supply-chain-management-why-important-modern-high-pat-rajen/
  22. Robinson, R. (2002). Ports as elements in value-driven chain systems: The new paradigm. Maritime Policy & Management, 29(3), 241–255. https://doi.org/xxxxx
  23. The Nation. (2025, July 22). BUA projects cement price drop, posts strong 2024 results. https://thenationonlineng.net/bua-projects-cement-price-drop-posts-strong-2024-results/
  24. The West African Business Journal. (2025, January 6). Nigeria cement industry report 2024: Output to grow by 3.2% to reach $3.42 billion. https://westafricanbusinessjournal.com/2025/01/06
  25. Uche, C. N., Anne, C. M., & Chekwube, V. M. (2017). Price and income elasticities of import demand in Nigeria: Evidence from the bound testing procedure. International Journal of Development and Economic Sustainability, 5(2), 25–37.
  26. Verschuur, J., Koks, E. E., & Hall, J. W. (2022). Ports' criticality in international trade and global supply chains. Nature Communications, 13(1), 4351. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-32070-0
How to Cite

Gabriel, O. B., & Akanni, A. O. (2025). ANALYZING THE LOGISTICS AND SUPPLY CHAIN PROCESSES IN PORTS AS A PERFORMANCE LEVER FOR NIGERIAN CEMENT AND ALLIED INDUSTRIES. Bayero Business Review, 9(2), 254-266. https://doi.org/10.67894/bbr.2025.qdj4kq0t

O. B. Gabriel, and A. O. Akanni, "ANALYZING THE LOGISTICS AND SUPPLY CHAIN PROCESSES IN PORTS AS A PERFORMANCE LEVER FOR NIGERIAN CEMENT AND ALLIED INDUSTRIES," Bayero Business Review, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 254-266, December 2025. doi: 10.67894/bbr.2025.qdj4kq0t

Share this article:
Facebook X / Twitter LinkedIn
Download PDF View Full Text (PDF) Back to Articles