Research Article

MEDIATING ROLE OF ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT, AND EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE AMONG ACADEMIC STAFF OF THE PUBLIC COLLEGES OF EDUCATION IN BAUCHI STATE.

Muhammed Wabi Bello1*, Wasilu Suleiman2
1 Department of Remedial & Continuing Education, AD‘Rufa‘I College of Education, Legal & General Studies Misau, Bauchi Bauchi State, Nigeria.
2 Department of Business Administration, Faculty of Management Sciences, Sa‘adu Zungur University, Bauchi, Bauchi State, Nigeria.
* Corresponding author: muhammadwabibello@gmail.com
Published: Jun, 2026
DOI: 10.67894/bbr.2026.evqpvtle
Pages: 254-282
Views: 12
Downloads: 4

Abstract

The study examined the mediating role of organisational citizenship behaviour on the relationship between organisational commitment and employee performance of academic staff of Bauchi state public colleges of education, two (2) research questions were formulated together with two (2) Alternate hypothesis based on the empirical evidences, a quantitative research approach was adopted with a descriptive research designed, the study has the total population of (1,387) One thousand, three hundred and eighty seven and a sample size was determined using Taro Yamani formula, a stratified proportional sampling techniques was adopted based on the population size of each Bauchi state public colleges of education ,a structured questionnaire was adapted from the previous researchers and the data collected was Analysed using SPSS Version 30 and the results reveals that, Organizational Commitment directly and indirectly through OCB positively influence Employee Performance. The study concludes & recommends that, proposed to help organizations enhance employee performance through effective & promote Organizational Commitment, encourage Organizational Citizenship Behaviour, Strengthen the Psychological Contract. The study suggested future researchers may employ longitudinal methods to assess changes over time, they may extend the study across multiple sectors and cultural contexts could strengthen external validity, they may also explore additional mediating or moderating variables, such as job satisfaction, leadership style, or organizational culture, to provide deeper insights into behavioural mechanisms that drive performance. Moreover, qualitative approaches could complement quantitative findings to better understand the motivational dynamics underlying OCB and commitment in diverse work environments.

Keywords

Organizational Citizenship Behavior Organizational Commitment Employee Performance College of Education and Social Exchange Theory

References

  1. Al-Omari, Z., Alomari, K., & Aljawarneh, N. (2020). The role of empowerment in improving Internal process. customer satisfaction, learning and growth. Management Science Letters, 10(4), 841–848. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2019.10.013
  2. Ali, M., & Tang, K. N. (2022). Organizational commitment and citizenship behaviour: Mediating role of job satisfaction among employees in higher education. Asian Journal of Business Ethics, 11(1), 89–107. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13520-021-00145-9
  3. Agyemang, C. B., & Ofei, S. B. (2022). The effect of organizational commitment on employee performance: Evidence from Ghana's banking sector. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 30(5), 1203–1220. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOA-09-2021-298
  4. Ali, M., & Rehman, S. U. (2022). "Talent Management Practices and Their Impact on Organizational Performance: A Systematic Review." Journal of Business Research, 134, 123-139.
  5. Asep, A. R. (2023). The Effect of Organizational Commitment on Employee Performance. Journal Ekonomi, Manajemen dan Akuntansi. Vol. 1, No. 2, August 2023 Pages. 41-48.
  6. Amin, M. Y., & Rahmayanti, R. (2026). Organizational Commitment and Culture on Teachers' Organizational Citizenship Behavior in Elementary School. Journal of Educational Management Research, 5(4), 4246–4259. https://doi.org/10.61987/jemr.v5i4.2624.
  7. Bello, B. A., & Ologbenla, P. (2022). human resource management practices and organizational Citizenship behaviour in wire and cable industry in south-western Nigeria. Journal of Academic Research in Economics, 14(1). http://www.jare-sh.com/downloads/mar_2022/bashiru.pdf.
  8. Becker, G. S. (1964). Human capital: A theoretical and empirical analysis, with special reference to education. University of Chicago Press.
  9. Bilal, A., Sajid, I., Mahnoor, H., & Shahid, L. (2021). The interplay of personal values, relational mobile usage and organizational citizenship behavior. Interactive Technology and Smart Education © Emerald Publishing Limited 1741-5659 DOI 10.1108/ITSE-01-2021-0016.
  10. Buchanan & Badham. (2020) Power, politics, and organizational change. SAGE Publications Limited.
  11. Bateman, T. S., & Organ, D. (1983). Job Satisfaction and the Good Soldier: The Relationship Between Affect and Employee "Citizenship". Academy of Management Journal, 26(4), 587–595. https://doi.org/10.2307/255908
  12. Chevy H. S. A., Deddy, N. C. A., Yeti, Betty, R., & Muhammad, Y. (2022). Effect of Competence and compensation on employee performance. Journal of Innovation Research and Knowledge, Vol.2, No.6, November 2022 ISSN 2798-3471 (Cetak) ISSN 2798-3641 (Online).
  13. Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2020). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (5th ed.). Sage Publications.
  14. Cantisano, G. T., Morales Domínguez, J., and Depolo, M. (2008). Psychological contract breach And outcomes: combining meta-analysis and structural equation models. Psicothema 20, 487–496.
  15. Cassar, V. (2001). Violating psychological contract terms among Maltese public service Employees: occurrence and relationships. J. Manag. Psych. 16, 194– 208. Doi: 10.1108/02683940110385749.
  16. Costa, S. P., Coyle-Shapiro, J. A. M., and Neves, P. (2017). Psychological contract breach And its correlates: effects of culture and country level factors. Acad. Manage. Proc. 2017:13817. Doi: 10.5465/ambpp.2017.13817abstract.
  17. Coyle-Shapiro, J., and Kessler, I. (2002). Exploring reciprocity through the lens of the Psychological contract: employee and employer perspectives. Eur. J. Work Organ. Psychol. 11, 69–86. Doi: 10.1080/13594320143000852.
  18. Coyle-Shapiro, J. A. M., Pereira Costa, S., Doden, W., and Chang, C. (2019). Psychological Contracts: past, present, and future. Annu. Rev. Organ. Psychol. Organ. Behav. 6, 145–169. doi: 10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-012218-015212.
  19. Chin 1. h. (2023). Relationship between job involvement, perceived organizational support, and Organizational commitment with job insecurity: a systematic literature review type Systematic review published 11 January 2023 doi 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1066734.
  20. Da Silva, C. C., Vieira, K. M., Klein, L. L., Estivalete, V. F. B., & Andrade, T. D. (2024). Organizational Citizenship Behavior Scale for Knowledge Workers: Empirical Evidence and New Validations, SAGE Open April-June 2024: 1–15The Author(s) 2024 journals.sagepub.com/home/sgo DOI: 10.1177/21582440241247399.
  21. Dabos, G. E., and Rousseau, D. M. (2004). Mutuality and reciprocity in the psychological contracts of employees and employers. J. Appl. Psychol. 89, 52–72. doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.89.1.52.
  22. Ezeanyim, E. E., & Olagunju, A. O. (2023). Organizational commitment and employee performance: The mediating effect of organizational citizenship behaviour. Nigerian Journal of Business Research, 10(2), 78–93.
  23. Emerson, R.M., 1976. Social exchange theory. Annu. Rev. Sociol. 2 (1), 335e362.
  24. Eisenberger, R., Huntington, R., Hutchison, S.,& Sowa, D. (1986). Perceived organizational support. Journal of Applied psychology, 71(3), 500.
  25. Ferry, H., Hadi, P., Dani, K., Rahmah, F., Ellyza, O., Mei, I., & Sudadi, S. (2024). The role of transformational leadership, job satisfaction and organizational commitment on organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) of SMEs employees in the digital era. Journal of infrastructure, policy and development. Vol 8, Issue 7, 2. Article ID: 5194.
  26. Faeq, D. K., Garanti, Z., & Sadq, Z. M. (2021). The Effect of Total Quality Management on Organizational Performance: Empirical Evidence from the Construction Sector in Sulaymaniyah City, Kurdistan Region–Iraq. UKH Journal of Social Sciences, 5(1), 29-41.
  27. Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39–50. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378101800104
  28. Fabyio, V. (2024). Study Population: Characteristics & Sampling Techniques. Retrieved from https://www.questionpro.com/blog/study 16/10/2024. 12:18pm.
  29. Gracia, F. J., Silla, I., Peiró, J. M., and Fortes-Ferreira, L. (2006). El estado Del contrato Psicológico y su relación con la salud psicológica de los empleados. Psicothema 18, 256–262.
  30. Gouldner, A. W. (1960). The norm of reciprocity: A preliminary statement. American Sociological Review, 25, 161- 178.
  31. Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., Sarstedt, M., Danks, N. P., & Ray, S. (2021). Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) using SmartPLS 3. SAGE Publications.
  32. Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., Sarstedt, M., & Danks, N. P. (2021). Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) using SmartPLS 3 (3rd ed.). SAGE Publications.
  33. Indra U. (2024). Literature Review: The Effects of Religiosity, Organizational Commitment, and Performance at the National Amil Zakat Agency (Baznas) The Eastasouth Management And Business Vol. 02, No. 02, January 2024, pp. 209 – 221 ISSN: 2985-7120, DOI: 10.58812/esmb.v2i02.
  34. JU'S (2024). Sample size- definitions, formulas and examples. Retrieved from https://bvjus.com/maths/sample_16/10/2424.
  35. Jackson, S. E., & Schuler, R. S. (2023). Understanding human resource management in the context of organizations and their environments. Annual Review of Psychology, 46(4), 237-264.
  36. Karatepe, O. M., Ozturk, A., & Kim, T. T. (2018). Servant leadership , organisational trust , and bank employee outcomes. The Service Industries Journal, 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/02642069.2018.1464559
  37. Lawal, A. O., Okereke, V. E., Mande, M. M., Usman, M., & Yusuf, A. (2024). Influence of Motivation in Predicting Lecturers' Retention in Colleges of Education in Bauchi State, Nigeria. African Journal of Humanities & Contemporary Education Research, Vol. 17, No. 1 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.62154/ajhcer.2024.017.010497.
  38. Lester, S. W., Turnley, W., Blood good, J., and Bolino, M. (2002). Not seeing eye to eye: Differences in supervisor and subordinate perceptions of and attributions for psychological contract breach. J. Organ. Behav. 23, 39–56. Doi: 10.1002/ job.126
  39. Liu, S., & Liu, D. (2014). The impact of organisational identification on the relationship between procedural justice and employee work outcomes. Social Behaviour and Personality, 42(3), 437–444.
  40. Motsaathebe, K. D., & Molefi, M. A. (2025). Organizational Commitment at a Provincial Department in South Africa. Businesses, 5(2), 21. https://doi.org/10.3390/businesses5020021
  41. Morrison, E. W., and Robinson, S. L. (1997). When employees feel betrayed: a model of how Psychological contract violation develops. Acad. Manag. Rev. 22, 226–256. Doi: 10.5465/amr.1997.9707180265.
  42. MacNeil, I. R. (1985). Relational contract: what we do know and do not know.Wisc. Law Rev. 3, 483–525.
  43. Muhammad, A. P., & Dea, A. (2023). Training, Work Ability and employees' performance: The mediating role of Organizational Commitment. International Journal of Business Economics,Vol,4.Issue,2,Mar,ch,2023,pp.112-122 http://jurnal.umsu.ac.id/index.php/ijbe e ISSN 2686-472X.
  44. Mahmud, F., Dewi, P., & Ika, B. S. (2018). The Role of OCB in Mediating the Effect of Employee Engagement and Organizational Commitment on Employee Performance: Contract vs. Permanent Employees. International Journal of Scientific Research and Management (IJSRM).Volume 06. Pages EL-2018-568-569. DOI: 10.18535/ijsrm/v6i8.el03.
  45. Mohammed S. A., Kavitha, R. & Sakiru, A. S. (2020). Talent management practices on employee performance among Applied Academic staff of Malaysian private universities: employee engagement as a mediator. Journal of Research in Higher Education © Emerald Publishing Limited 2050-7003 DOI 10.1108/JARHE-08-2020-0283.
  46. Marivic, B., & Peñaflor, C. (2024). Impact On Organizational Commitment And AdaptivePerformance, Basis For Enhanced Retention Program. International Journal of Scientific Research and Management, Volume 12, Issue 03, Pages 6089-6123-2024.https://ijsrm.net ISSN (e): 2321-3418 DOI: 10.18535/ijsrm/v12i03.em13.
  47. Monica, P. P., Wawan, P., Agus, D. R., & Didit, H. (2023). Relevance of organizational commitment, as a mediator of its company Contribution to employee performance at the Merak-Banten marine transportation service Enrichment. Journal of Management, Vol.12, No. 6, pp 5213-5223 www.enrichment.iocspublisher.org Published by: Institute of Computer Science (IOCS).
  48. Novitasari, D., Asbari, M., Wijaya, M. R., & Yuwono, T.\ (2020). Effect of organizational Justice on organizational commitment: mediating role of intrinsic and extrinsic satisfaction. International Journal of Science and Management Studies (IJSMS), 3(3), 96-112.
  49. Nik, H., Imam J., & Winarto. (2022). the impact of talent and competence management on employee performance Through organizational commitment Manageria. Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Islam, Volume 7, Nomor 2, 2021, DOI: https://doi.org/10.14421/manageria.2022.72-13.
  50. Ng, L.-P., Choong, Y.-O., Kuar, L.-S., Tan, C.-E., & Teoh, S.-Y. (2021). Job satisfaction and Organizational citizenship behaviour amongst health professionals: The mediating role of work engagement. International Journal of Healthcare Management, 14(3), 797-804. https://doi.org/10.1080/20479700.2019.1698850.
  51. Nikookar, H., Ahi, P., & Akbari, M. (2021). Investigating the impact of forward-looking Leadership on organizational effectiveness: the mediating role of organizational citizenship behavior. Productivity management, 57(15), 108-138. https://www.noormags.ir/view/en/articlepage/1784927.
  52. Osibanjo, O. A., Falola, H. O., & Salau, O. P. (2023). Organizational commitment and employee retention: The role of leadership and communication. Journal of African Business, 24(2), 315–333. https://doi.org/10.1080/15228916.2021.1982409
  53. Pneumol, J. B. (2025). Cross-sectional studies: understanding applications, methodological issues, and valuable insights. Continuing Education: Scientific Methodology. 51 (1). https://doi.org/10.36416/1806-3756/e20250047.
  54. Porter L.Pearce, J. Tripoli A. & Kristi, L. (1998) Differential perceptions of employers' Inducements: implications for psychological contracts. J. Organ. Behav. 19, 769–782. Doi: 10.1002/(sici)1099-1379(1998)19:1%2B<769::aidjob968>3.0.co;2-1
  55. Putra I. N. S. K. and wayan Mujiati N. (2022). "The Effect of Compensation, Work Environment, and Work Motivation on Employee Productivity," Eur. J. Bus. Manag. Res.
  56. Rousseau, D. (1995). Psychological Contracts in Organizations. Understanding Written and Unwritten Agreements. London: Sage.
  57. Robinson, S. (1996). Trust and Breach of the psychological contract. Admin. Sci. Q. 41, 576–599. Doi: 10.2307/2393868.
  58. Rousseau, D. M. (1989). Psychological and implied contracts in organizations. Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal. 2(2), 121–139. doi: 10.1007/BF01384942
  59. Retnowati, E., Mardikaningsih, R., Khayru, R. K., Darmawan, D., & Wibowo, A. S. (2023). The Influence of Transformational Leadership and Organizational Commitment on Turnover Intention. International Journal of Service Science, Management, Engineering, and Technology, 3(2),38–43.Retrievedfrom https://ejournalisse.com/index.php/isse/article/view/91
  60. Springer, (2025). Organizational Commitment Profiles and Employee Well-Being: Exploratory and Confirmatory Latent Profile Analyses. Volume 9, pages 639–673, retrieved from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41542-025-00225-2?utm_source=chatgpt.com.
  61. Sattar, M. F., Ahmad, K., & Hassan, S. (2023). Organizational citizenship behaviour as a mediator between organizational commitment and employee performance: Evidence from service organizations. Journal of Management Development, 42(5), 543–560. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMD-06-2021-0172
  62. Saadeh, I. M and Suifan, T. S (2020). "Job stress and organizational commitment in hospitals: The mediating role of perceived organizational support," Int. J. Organ. Anal., vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 226-242.
  63. Saad, A., Ishak, S., Syed Abu Bakar, S. M., Singh, H., Sandhu, S. K., & Mahmood, N. A. (2022). Mediating role of work engagement between positive emotions and individual work performance in the banking industry in Peninsular Malaysia. Malaysian Journal of Consumer and Family Economics, 29, 251-277.
  64. Turnley W. & Feldman D. (1999) the impact of psychological contract violations on exit, Voice, loyalty and neglect. Hum. Relations 52, 895–922. Doi: 10.1177/0018726799052007 03
  65. Sugeng, S., Deny, S., Ade, S., & Sandi, N. W. (2022). The Influence of Organizational Culture and Organizational Commitment on OCB (Organizational Citizenship Behavior) Employees, journal of humanities and social science innovation, Vol. 2(5), pp741-748. https://doi.org/10.35877/454RI.daengku1277.
  66. Swalhi, A., & Zgoulli, S. (2017). The influence of organisational justice on job performance: The mediating effect of affective commitment. Journal of Management Development, 36(4), 542 559.
  67. Swift, M. L., & Virick, M. (2013). Perceived support, knowledge tacitness, and provider knowledge sharing. Group & Organization Management, 38(6), 717–742.
  68. Story, B., & Tait, D. (2019). Survey research methods. Journal of research methods, 10(2), 12-20.
  69. Sanchita, K., & Animesh, S. (2026). The Mediating Role of Organisational Commitment in the Relationship of Emotional Intelligence and Organisational Citizenship Behaviour. European Economics Letters, 2026, v. 16, n. 1, p. 409, ISSN 2323-523.
  70. Topa, G., and Morales, J. F. (2005). "Bris du contrat Psychologique et effets sur'engagement Organisationnel: une exploration empirique," in La qualité de la vie au Travail Dans les Années 2000. Actes du13ème Congrès de Psychologie du Travail et des Organisations, eds A. Battisteli, M. Depolo, and F. Fraccaroli (Bologna: Clueb), 800–806.
  71. Umar, M. B., & Umar, A. (2023). Causes of attrition among lecturers in colleges of education in North-east, Nigeria. Kashere Journal of Education, 4(1), 104-109.
  72. Zhao, H., Wayne, S., Glibkowski, B., and Bravo, J. (2007). The impact of psychological contract Breach on work-related outcomes: a meta-analysis. Pers. Psychol. 60, 647–680. Doi: 10.1111/j.1744-6570.2007.00087.x.
How to Cite

Bello, M. W., & Suleiman, W. (2026). MEDIATING ROLE OF ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT, AND EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE AMONG ACADEMIC STAFF OF THE PUBLIC COLLEGES OF EDUCATION IN BAUCHI STATE.. Bayero Business Review, 10(1), 254-282. https://doi.org/10.67894/bbr.2026.evqpvtle

M. W. Bello, and W. Suleiman, "MEDIATING ROLE OF ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT, AND EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE AMONG ACADEMIC STAFF OF THE PUBLIC COLLEGES OF EDUCATION IN BAUCHI STATE.," Bayero Business Review, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 254-282, June 2026. doi: 10.67894/bbr.2026.evqpvtle

Share this article:
Facebook X / Twitter LinkedIn
Download PDF View Full Text (PDF) Back to Articles