Moderating Role of Transformational Leadership on the Relationship between Entrepreneurial Orientation and SMEs Performance in Katsina State
1 Department of Business Management, Federal University Dutsin-Ma
* Corresponding author: mustaphabadamasi@gmail.com
* Corresponding author: mustaphabadamasi@gmail.com
Abstract
This study examined the effect of entrepreneurial orientation on the performance of SMEs with
the moderating role of transformational leadership (TL) behavior. On the grounds of Resource
Based view and Dynamic Capability theory, cross-sectional research design was used to collect
data from the respondents. The sample of the study consists of 194 manufacturing SMEs
operating in Katsina state, Nigeria. A PLS-SEM approach was used with aid of SmartPLS 3.2.8
to
analyse the data. The result showed that entrepreneurial orientation dimensions
(innovativeness, pro-activeness and risk taking) were significantly and positively related to the
performance of SMEs in Katsina state. The result also indicateed that transformational
leadership strengthens the positive effect of proactiveness on SMEs performance; it was also
revealed that TL weakens the relationship between risk taking and SMEs performance. Lastly,
there was insignificant moderating effect of TL in the relationship between innovativeness and
SMEs performance. This study recommends that owners/managers should continue to pursue
creativity and innovativeness by being proactive and taking calculable risks in order to bring
new offerings to the market thereby enjoying first mover advantage and subsequently increase
their performance. The moderating effect of TL contributes to the resource-based view (RBV)
and provides useful understandings to owner/managers of SMEs with regard to policy
formulation and execution to improve the performance of business firms.
Keywords
Entrepreneurial Orientation
Transformational Leadership
Innovativeness
Pro activeness
Risk taking
Katsina State
Nigeria
References
- Adebayo, O. S., Balogun, O. J., & Kareem, T. S. (2013). An investigative study of the factors affecting the adoption of Information and communication technology in small and medium scale enterprises in Oyo state, Nigeria. International Journal of Business and Management Invention ISSN (Online): 2319 – 8028
- Aderinto, C. O., David, J. O., & Alabi, F. A. (2019). Cultural values and the development of women entrepreneurs in south western Nigeria. World Journal of Entrepre neurial Develop ment Studies, 2 (3), 22-33.
- Adomako, S. (2018). The moderating effects of adaptive and intellectual resource capabilities on the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and financial performance . International Journal of Innovation Manage ment, 22(03), 1-35
- Akbar, F., Khan, R.A., Wadood, F., & Bin Bon, A.T. (2020). Entrepreneurial orientation dimension affects firm performance: A perspective from the Malaysian furniture industry. Entre preneurial Business and Economics Review, 8(4), 157-181
- Aminu, M. I. (2015). Relationships between organizational memory, intellectual capital, entrepreneurial orientation, dynamic capabilities and firm perfor mance in Nigeria. Doctoral Thesis, University Utara Malaysia.
- Aminu, M.I., & Mahmood, R. (2015). Toward an integrative model of SME performance in Nigeria. In H.C. Wooi (Ed.), The 11th Asian Academy of Management International Conferen ce (pp. 513–522).
- Arbaugh, J.B., Cox, L.W. & Camp, S.M. (2009). Is entrepreneurial orientation a global construct? A multi- country study of entrepreneurial orientation, growth strategy, and performance. The Journal of Business Inquiry 8(1), 12-25.
- Aremu, M. A. (2011). Small and Medium Scale Enterprises as a means of employment generation and capacity building in Nigeria, A Paper Presented at the International Confe rence on Management and Enterprise Development on "Intellectuals and New Strategies for Sustainability Development of the Third World" Held at Conference Center, Univer sity of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria, Octo ber 5th - 8th.
- Arham, A.F. (2014). Leadership and performance. The case of Malaysian SMEs in the service sector. Interna tional Journal of Asian Social Scien ce, 4(3), 343-355.
- Baba, R., & Elumalai, S. (2011). Entrepre neurial orientation of SMEs in Labuan and its effects on perfor mance. Working Paper Series III 1113. Malaysia.
- Barney, J. (1991). Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. Journal of Management, 17(1).
- Bature S.W. & Cheng W.H. (2017) EntrepreneurialOrientation, Learning Orientation, Technology Orientation, Access to Debt Finance and Firm Performance: A Proposed Research Framework. International Business Management, 11, 444-453
- Berisha, G., & Pula, J. S. (2015). Defining small and medium enterprises: a critical review abstract. Academic Journal of Business, Administration, Law and Social Sciences, 1(1),17-28
- Budiarto, D. S. & Pramudiati N. (2018). Does technology improve SMEs business success? Empirical research on Indonesian SMEs. Journal of Economics and Management Sciences 1(3), 115-121.
- Cannavale, C., & Nadali, I.Z. (2019). Entrepreneurial orientations and performance: A problematic explana tory approach the Iranian knowled ge-based industry. Journal of Entre preneurship, 28(1), 68-93.
- Certo, S. T., Moss, T. W. & Short, J. C. (2009). Entrepreneurial orientation: An applied perspective. Business Horizons, 52(4), 319-324.
- Chen, C. (2017). Service providers' sustainable service innovation: Service-dominant logic. The Service Industries Journal, 37(1), 628–656.
- Chendo, N. A. (2013). Managers' perception of environmental sustainability in small and medium scale enterprises (SMEs): Implication for competitive marketing advantages for sachet water manufacturers in Anambra State, Nigeria. European Journal of Busi and Management, 5(7),186-195.
- Cheng, C.C. & Sheu, C. (2017). When are strategic orientations beneficial for collaborative service innovation? The Service Industries Journal 37(1), 466-493.
- Covin, J. G., & Slevin, D. P. (1989). Strategic management of small firms in hostile and benign environment. Strategic Management Journal, 10, 75-87.
- Covin, J. & Wales, M. (2012). The measu rement of entrepreneurial orientation. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 36(4), 677–782.
- Covin, J.G. & Wales, G. (2019). Crafting high-impact entrepreneurial orienta tion research: some suggested guide lines, Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 43(1), 3-18.
- Deakins, D., & Freel, M. (2012). Entrepreneurship and small firms (6th ed.), McGraw Hills Higher Education.
- Dess, G.G., & Robinson, R.B. (1984). Measuring organizational perfor mance in the absence of objective measures: the case of the privately-held firm and conglomerate business unit. Strategic Management Journal, 5(3), 265-273.
- Duru, I.U., Ehidiamhen, P.O. & Chijioke, A.N. (2018). Role of entrepreneurial orientation in the performance of small and medium enterprises: evidence from Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, Nigeria. Asian J. Econ. Bus. Account. 6, 1-21
- Engelen, A., Gupta, V, Strenger, L & Brettel, M. (2012). 'Entrepreneurial orien tation, firm performance, and the moderating role of transformational leadership behaviors', Journal of Management, 20 (10), 1-30.
- Fernández-Mesa, A., & Alegre, J. (2015). Entrepreneurial orientation and export intensity: Examining the interplay of organizational learning and innovation. International Business Review, 24(1), 148–156.
- Fowowe, B. (2017). Access to finance and firm performance: Evidence from African countries. Review of Development Finance, 7(2), 6-17.
- Ghadas, A., Ismail, W., Aziz, A., & Rahman, A. (2015). Account Management System for Malaysian Small Legal Firms. Social Sciences & Humanities Lafams: Pertanika J. Soc. Sci. & Hum, 23, 239–250.
- Gilbert, S., Horsman, P., Kelloway, E.K. (2016), The motivation for transformational leadership scale: An examination of the factor structure and initial tests. Leadership and Organization Development Journal, 37(2), 158-180.
- Gupta, V.K., & Wales J.W. (2017). Asses sing organisational performance with in entrepreneurial orienta tion research: Where have we been and where can we go from here? The Journal of Entrepreneurship 26;51–76
- Haider, S. H., Asad, M., & Fatima, M. (2017). Entrepreneurial orientation and business performance sector small and medium scale enterprises of Punjab Pakistan. European Business and Management, 3(2), 21-28.
- Hamburg, I., Emma O. B. & Steffi E. (2013). Engaging SMEs in cooperation and new forms of learning. Computer and Information Science 7(1), 1–9.
- Herath, H.M. & Mahmood, R. (2013). Dimensions of entrepreneurial self-efficacy and firm performance. Global Journal of Management and Business Research: A Administration and Management, 14(4), 193-204.
- Hughes, M. & Morgan, R.E. (2007). Deconstructing the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and business performance at the embryonic stage of firm growth. Industrial Marketing Management, 36(1), 651–661.
- Ibrahim, A.U. & Abu, M.M., (2020). Influence of entrepreneurial orien tation on firm's performance: Evi dence from small and medium enter prises in Nigeria, International Jour nal of Economics and Financial Issues, 10(2), 99-106.
- Kosa, A., Mohammad, I & Ajibie, D. (2018). Entrepreneurial orientation and venture performance in Ethiopia: the moderating role of business sector and enterprise location . Journal of Global Entrepr Res, 8(1), 1-17.
- Kreiser, P.M., & Davis, J. (2010). Entre preneurial orientation and firm perfor mance: The unique impact of innovati veness, proactiveness, and risktaking. Journal of small business and entrepre neurship, 23(1), 39-51.
- Kristaupa, R. & Riorini, S. V. (2019). Mediation-moderation modeling in marketing research: Literature review and classification. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change, 7 (8), 17-47
- Kusumawardhani A., & McCarthy G. (2013) Innovation In Small and Medium-Sized Wood-Furniture Firms in Central Java, Indonesia. In: Mandal P.(eds) Proceedings of the International Conference on Mana-ging the Asian Century. Sprin ger, Singapore. https://doi.org /10.1007/ 978-981-4560-61-0_53
- Kwasi, D. (2015). Resilient leadership: A transformational-transactional leadership mix, Journal of Business Responsibility. 6(1), 99-112.
- Lai, F.-Y., Tang, H.-C., Lu, S.-C., Lee, Y.-C., & Lin, C.-C. (2020). Transfor mational leadership and job perfor mance: The mediating role of work engagement. SAGE Open https://doi. org/10.1177/2158244019890085
- Lomberg, C., Urbig, D., Stöckmann, C., Marino, L. D., & Dickson, P. H. (2017). Entrepreneurial orientation: The dimensions' shared effects in explaining firm performance. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 41(6), 973–998.
- Lopez-Cabrales, A., Bornay-Barrachina, M. & Diaz-Fernandez, M. (2017). Leadership and Dynamic Capabilities: The Role of HR System s. Personnel Review 46 (2), 255–276.
- Lu, J., & Zhang, G. (2016). The effect of customer orientation and entrepreneurial orientation on Nigeria smedan.gov.ng /doc
- Lumpkin, G. T., & Dess, G. G. (1996). Clarifying the entrepreneurial orientation construct and linking it to performance. Academy of Management Review, 21, 135-172
- Mahmood, R. & Hanafi, M. (2013). Entre preneurial orientation and business performance of women-owned small and medium enterprises in Malaysia: Competitive advantage as a mediator. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 4(1), 82-90.
- Mashal, A. (2018). Do Non-financial factors matter for SME's performance? Case from Jordan. International Journal of Business and Soc Science 9,156-67.
- Miller, D. (1983). Entrepreneurship in three types of firms. Management Science, 29(7), 770–791.
- Moreno, A.M., Casillas, J.C. (2008) . Entrepreneurial orientation and the growth of SMEs: A causal model. Entrepreneurship Theory & Practice, 32(3), 507–528.
- Morrisette, S. & Oberman, W. (2013). Shifting strategic imperatives: A stage of leadership perspective on the adoption of corporate entrepre neurship. Journal of Applied Manage ment, 18(1), 59–82.
- MSME Survey (2017) Survey Report on the micro, small and medium enterprises in Nigeria. A national MSME collaborative survey. A collaboration between National Bureau for Statistics (NBS) and the Small and Medium Enterprises Agency of Nigeria (SMEDAN). http://www.smedan.gov.ng
- Muchiri,M.&McMurray,A. (2015). Entrepre neurial orienta tion within small firms: a critical review of why leadership and contextual factors matter. Small Enterprise Resear ch, 22(1), 17-31, DOI: 10.1080/1321 5906.2015.1017076
- Muralidharan, E. & Pathak, S. (2018). Sustainability, transformational leadership, and social entrepreneur ship. Sustainability, 10(1), 567-581.
- Nardelli, G. (2017). Innovation dialectics: An extended process perspective on innovation in services. The Service Industries Journal, 37(1), 31–56.
- Neneh, B.N. & Van Zyl, J. (2017). Entrepreneurial orientation and its impact on firm growth amongst SMEs in South Africa. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 15(3), 166-178
- Obiwuru, T.C., Okwu, A.T., Akpa, V.O. and Nwankwere, I. A. (2011). Effects of leadership style on organizational performance: A survey of selected small scale enterprises in Ikosi-ketu council development area of Lagos State, Nigeria. Australian Journal of Business and Management Research, 1(7), 100–111.
- Olabisi, S. Y., Olagbemi, A. A., & Atere, A. A. (2011). Factors affecting small-scale business performance in infor mal economy in Lagos State-Nigeria: A gender based analysis. http://www. ilo.org.public/english/iira/documents /congree/regional/lagos2011/5thsessi on/session5a/smallscaleent.pdf
- Osotimehin, K. O., Jegede, C. A., Akinlabi, B. H., & Olajide, O. T. (2012). An evaluation of challenges and pros pects of micro and small scale enter prises development in Nigeria. Ame rican International Journal of Con temporary Research,2(4),174-185.
- Putniṇš, T. J. & Sauka, A. (2020). Why does entrepreneurial orientation affect company performance? Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal 14; 711–35.
- Quan, L. (2015). Perceptions of leadership competencies and the acquisition of them by CEOs in Vietnamese small enterprises. Asian Social Science Journal, 11(1), 17–25.
- Richard, PJ, Devinney, TM, Yip, GS & Johnson, G (2008), 'Measuring organizational performance as a dependent variable: Towards methodological best practice', Jour nal of Management, 35(3), 718-804.
- Rose, E., & Mamabolo, A. (2019). Transformational Leadership as an Antecedent and SME Performance as a Consequence of Entrepreneurial Orientation in an Emerging Market Context. International Journal of Entrepreneurship, 23(4), 1-16.
- Sekaran, U. & Bougie, R. (2013). Research methods for business: a skill-building approach (6th ed.). John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
- Semrau, T., Ambos, T., & Kraus, S. (2016). Entrepreneurial orientation and SME performance across societal cultures: An international study. Journal of Business Research,69(5),1928-1932.
- Shettima, M. B., (2017) "Impact of SMEs on Employment Generation in Nigeria." IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS), 22 (9), 43–50.
- Singh, S., Darwish, T.K., & Potocnik, K. (2016). Measuring organizational performance: A case for subjective measure. British journal of management, (27), 214-224.
- Soares, M.C. & Perin, M.G. (2019). Entre preneurial orientation and firm performance: an updated meta-analysis; RAUSP Management Journal, 55(2), 143-159.
- Su, Z., Xie, E., & Wang, D. (2015). Entrepreneurial orientation, manage rial networking, and new venture performance in China. Journal of Small Business Management, 53, 228–248.
- Taiwo, J. N., Falohun, T.O. & Agwu, M. E. (2016). SMEs financing and its effects on Nigerian economic growth.European Journal of Business, Economics and Accoun tancy, 4(4), 39-54.
- Teece, D.J, Pisano, G. & Shuen, A. (1997). Dynamic capabilities and strategic management. Strategic Management Journal, 18 (7), 509-533.
- Unver, S. & Yeniaras, V. (2016). Revisiting the mediating effect of entrepre neurial behaviour on proactiveness–performance relationship: The role of business ties and competitive intensity. European Management Review, 13(4), 291-306.
- Wiklund, J., & Shepherd, D. (2003). Knowledge-based resources, entrepreneurial orientation, and the performance of small and medium-sized businesses. Strategic Manage ment Journal, 24(13), 1307-1314
- Yang, C. (2008). The relationships among leadership styles, entrepreneurial orientation, and business performance. Managing Global Transitions, 6(1), 257–275.
How to Cite
Badamasi, M., Garba, A., & Morenikeji, A. A. (2023). Moderating Role of Transformational Leadership on the Relationship between Entrepreneurial Orientation and SMEs Performance in Katsina State. Bayero Business Review, 7(1), 1-23. https://doi.org/10.67894/bbr.2023.44allw86
M. Badamasi, A. Garba, and A. A. Morenikeji, "Moderating Role of Transformational Leadership on the Relationship between Entrepreneurial Orientation and SMEs Performance in Katsina State," Bayero Business Review, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 1-23, September 2023. doi: 10.67894/bbr.2023.44allw86