Self- Efficacy and Career Enhancement Of Bayero University Dental Graduates
1 Department of Business Administration and Entrepreneurship, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
2 Faculty of Dentistry, Bayero University Kano
3 Department of Business Administration and Entrepreneurship, Bayero University Kano
* Corresponding author: shukuratmoronkebello@femsbukjournals.org.ng
2 Faculty of Dentistry, Bayero University Kano
3 Department of Business Administration and Entrepreneurship, Bayero University Kano
* Corresponding author: shukuratmoronkebello@femsbukjournals.org.ng
Abstract
Traditionally, clinical student mentoring has focused on advancing mentees from novice to more
respectable positions within clinical practices. Mentoring, a relationship where an expert (mentor)
offers career, psychological or instrumental support to an individual with less experience (protégé),
can enhance the protégé’s career behaviour and development. With medical entrepreneurship on the
rise, a focus on students' entrepreneurship and career development abilities is critical for leadership,
team building, and business practices. The objective of this research was to understand the career
decision-making self-efficacy factors relevant to the strategic framework of the faculty of dentistry,
Bayero University career enhancement initiative. The participants were students and alumni of the
faculty of dentistry, at Bayero University Kano. A survey research design was adopted and quantitative
was used. Data was collected through a structured (close-ended) questionnaire using a career decisionmaking and self-efficacy scale of 25 items. Using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), this research
mapped the intricate relationships between the research variables, offering insights into how targeted
career enhancement initiatives can bolster self-efficacy and guide students toward successful careers
in dental practice. Findings from the study indicated that planning and goal selection were significant
predictors of career choice, while self-appraisal, occupational information, and problem-solving
showed varied influences. The study recommends a structured mentoring program for dental students
and alumni targeted toward both academic and dental practice. This will provide them with
professional networking opportunities, career planning, personal growth and entrepreneurial skills
development.
Keywords
Career development
Decision-making
Dental Practices
Graduates
Nigeria
Self-efficacy
University students
References
- Ajao H. (2018). Oral health Workforce planning in Nigeria. HSOA Journal of Otolaryngology, 4(1):1-6
- Akhsania, K. N., Basuki, T., Sugiharto, D. Y. P., & Japar, M. (2021). Students' career understanding and career decision making self-efficacy in junior high school. Elamic Guidance and Counseling Journal, 4(1), 12-20.
- Amedari, M. I., Ozmobodede, E. O., Uti, O. G., Aborisade, A. O., & Amedari, I. K. (2022). Strengthening the oral health system in Nigeria: A health systems building block approach. Nigerian Post graduate Medical Journal, 29(3), 173-182
- Amelink, C. T., Artis, S., & King Liu, T. J. (2015). Examining the self-efficacy of community college STEM majors: Factors related to four-year degree attainment. Community College Journal of Research and Practice, 39(12), 1111-1124.
- Babbie, E. (2012). Adventures in social research: Data analysis using IBM SPSS statistics. Sage.
- Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: toward a unifying theory of behavioural change. Psychological review, 84(2), 191.
- Bandura, A. (1995). Exercise of personal and collective efficacy in changing societies. Self-efficacy in changing societies, 15, 334.
- Barnett, R. & Bradley L. (2007). Career development and the changing workplace. Journal of Career Development, 34(2), 147-163.
- Baruch, Y. (2004). Managing careers: Theory and practice. Pearson Education.
- Betz, N. E. (2007). Self-efficacy theory as a basis for career assessment. Journal of Career Assessment, 8(3), 205-222.
- Braley, B. (2003). Strategies for Career Enhancement. Holistic Assertiveness Skills for Nurses: Empower Yourself and Others, 181.
- Brown, D. (2002). The role of work and cultural values in occupational choice, satisfaction, and success: A theoretical statement. Journal of counselling & development, 80(1), 48-56.
- Brown, S. D., & Lent, R. W. (Eds.). (2012). Career development and counseling: Putting theory and research to work. John Wiley & Sons.
- Buenconsejo, J. U. & Datu, J. A. D. (2020). Growth and fixed mindsets about talent matter for career development self-efficacy in selected Filipino adolescents. Children and Youth Services Review, 118, 105470.
- Choi, G. Y., & Lee, D. H. (2019). The relationship among career decision efficacy, learning flow, academic achievement, and department adjustment in some dental hygiene students. Journal of the korea convergence society, 10(1), 299-305.
- Conklin, A.M., Dahling, J.J & Garcia, P.A. (2013). Linking Affective Commitment, Career Self-Efficacy, and Outcome Expectations: A Test of Social Cognitive Career Theory. Journal of Career Development 40(1), 68–83.
- Duru, H., Söner, O., & Sinan, F. N. (2021). The predictors of career decision-making difficulties among high school students: Career decision self-efficacy and personal traits-Turkey case. Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice, 21(1), 33-42.
- Ekmekcioglu, E. B., Erdogan, M. Y., & Sokmen, A. (2020). Career commitment and subjective career success: the moderating role of career-enhancing strategies. International Journal of Manpower, 41(8), 1287-1305.
- Ersan, N., Fişekçioğlu, E., Dölekoğlu, S., Oktay, I., & Ilgiy, D. (2017). Perceived sources and levels of stress, general self-efficacy and coping strategies in clinical dental students. Psychology, health & medicine, 22(10), 1175-1185.
- Ersan, N., Dölekoğlu, S., Fişekçioğlu, M., & Oktay, I. (2018). Perceived sources and levels of stress, general self-efficacy and coping strategies in preclinical dental students. Psychology, health & medicine, 23(5), 567-577.
- Feij, J.A., Whitely, W.T., Peiro, J.M. and Taris, T.W. (1995). The development of career-enhancing strategies and content innovation: a longitudinal study of new worker. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 46(2), 231-256.
- Fomete B. & Adebayo, E.T (2018). Review of dentistry in West Africa: Challenges and Prospects. Journal of West African College of Surgeon, 8(4), 93-113
- Fugate, M, Kinicki, A. J., & Ashforth, B. E. (2003). Employability: A psycho-social construct, its dimensions, and application. Journal of Vocational Behavior 65, 14-38. doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2003.10.005.
- Gallagher, J. E., Mattos Savage, G. C., Crummey, S. C., Sabbah, W., Varenne, B., & Makino, Y. (2023). Oral Health Workforce in Africa: A Scarce Resource. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(3), 2328.
- Gould, S. and Penley, L.E. (1984), "Career strategies and salary progression: a study of their relationships in a municipal bureaucracy", Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 34(2), 244-265.
- Greenhaus, J.H., Callanan, G.A. & Godshalk, M. (2010). Career Management, 4th ed., Sage Publication, Thousand Oaks, California.
- Guichard, J. (2001). A century of career education: Review and perspectives. International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance, 1(3), 155-176.
- Hackett, G., & Betz, N. E. (1981). A self-efficacy approach to the career development of women. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 18(3), 326-339.
- Hamzah, S. R. A., Kai Le, K., & Musa, S. N. S. (2021). The mediating role of career decision self-efficacy on the relationship between career emotional intelligence and self-esteem with career adaptability among university students. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 26(1), 83-93.
- Helens-Hart, R. (2019). Career Education Discourse: Promoting Student Employability in a University Career Center. Qualitative Research in Education, 8(1), 1-26. doi:10.17583/qre.2019.3706.
- Hwang, J. H., & Yu, K. J. (2022). The effect of dental hygiene student's life stress and grit on career decision-making self-efficacy. Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene, 22(1), 73-79.
- Jo Y.S (2021). The effect of universities graduates job preparation behavior on employment and decent jobs. KALCI, 21, 133-161.
- Kelly, R., R., & Hatcher, T. (2013). Decision-making self-efficacy and barriers in career decision making among community college students. Community College Journal of Research and Practice, 37(2), 103-113.
- Khot, S. S. (2022). A Study on Career Planning Aspect of Working Students Enrolled in Master of Commerce Course of Distance Education University of Mumbai. Journal of Positive School Psychology, 3149-3155.
- Komarnju, M., & Nadler, D. (2013). Self-efficacy and academic achievement: Why do implicit beliefs, goals, and effort regulation matter?. Learning and individual differences, 25, 67-72.
- Komarnju, M., Swanson, J., & Nadler, D. (2014). Increased career self-efficacy predicts college students' motivation, and course and major satisfaction. Journal of Career Assessment, 22(3), 420-432.
- Joshua, S., Azuh, D. & Olanrewaju, F. (2015). University-industry collaboration: A panacea to graduate unemployment in Nigeria. Journal of Management, 7(1), 17-25.
- Lent, R. W., Brown, S. D., & Hackett, G. (1994). Toward a unifying social cognitive theory of career and academic interest, choice, and performance. Journal of vocational behavior, 45(1), 79-122.
- Lent, R. W., Hackett, G., & Brown, S. D. (1999). A social cognitive view of school-to-work transition. The Career Development Quarterly, 47(4), 297-311.
- Lent, R. W., Brown, S. D., & Hackett, G. (2002). Social cognitive career theory. Career Choice and Development, 4(1), 255-311.
- Maddux, J. E. (2002). The power of believing you can. Handbook of positive psychology, 277-287.
- Malahayati, S., & Wulandari, L. H. (2018). Career planning training to improve career decision making self efficacy and achievement motivation in high school students.
- Manyia, J., Chui, M., Miremadi, M., Bughin, J., George, T., Willmott, P., & Dewhurst, M. (2017). A future that works: AI, automation, employment, and productivity. McKinsey Global Institute Research, Tech. Rep, 60, 1-135.
- Martini, S., Khan, W. A., & Muttaqiyathun, A. (2023). The influence of training, motivation, and self-efficacy on career planning. Jurnal Genesis Indonesia, 2(02), 54-73.
- Nabi, G.R. (2003). Situational characteristics and subjective career success: the mediating role of career-enhancing strategies, International Journal of Manpower, 24(6), 653-672.
- Olorunfemi, G. C. (2021). Addressing the state of youth unemployment in Nigeria. Int. J. Innov. Psychol. Soc. Dev, 9, 102-113.
- Olubusoye, O. E., Salisu, A. A., & Olofin S. O. (2023). Youth unemployment in Nigeria: nature, causes and solutions. Quality & Quantity, 57(2), 1125-1157.
- Oluwatola, T. I. Olowookere, O. M., & Folayan, M. O. (2022). COVID-19 pandemic and the widening oral health inequality in Nigeria. Pan African Medical Journal, 41(1).
- Omar, M. K., Muhamad, W. M. W., Ismail, N., Zakaria, A., & Kadir, K. M. (2023). Employability Skills and Career Development Self-Efficacy as Indicators for Workforce Success. Journal of Technical Education and Training, 15(3), 118-130.
- Paterson, R. (2017). 'Because sometimes your failure can also teach you certain skills': Lecturer and student perceptions of employability skills at a transnational university. Qualitative Research in Education, 6(3), 241-271.
- Pitan, O. S., & Adedeji, S. O. (2012). Skills Mismatch among University Graduates in the Nigeria Labor Market. Online Submission.
- Posnanski, T. J. (2002). Professional development programs for elementary science teachers: An analysis of teacher self-efficacy beliefs and a professional development model. Journal of Science Teacher Education, 13(3), 189-220.
- Rigotti, T., Korek, S., & Otto, K. (2020). Career-related self-efficacy, its antecedents and relationship to subjective career success in a cross-lagged panel study. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 31(20), 2645-2672.
- Romero-Galisteo, R. P., González-Sánchez, M., Gálvez-Ruiz, P., Palomo-Carrión, R., Casuso-Holgado, M. J., & Pinero-Pinto, E. (2022). Entrepreneurial intention, expectations of success and self-efficacy in undergraduate students of health sciences. BMC Medical Education, 22(1), 679.
- Taylor, K. M & Betz. N. E (1983). Applications of Self-Efficacy Theory to the Understanding and Treatment of Career Indecision. Journal of Vocational Behavior 22(1):63–81.
- Tejan, O. A., & Sabil, A. (2019). Understanding employers' perception of employability skills and career development in Morocco. International Journal of Education and Literacy Studies, 7(2), 134-138.
- UNIDO (2017). Skills gap assessment in six priority sectors of Nigerian Economy. Retrieved on February 19, 2024 at https://www.iitf.gov.ng/ftp/Skills_Gap_Assessment.pdf.
- World Bank (2021) Self-employed, total (% of total employment) (modeled ILO estimate). The World Bank Group. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.EMPL.SELF.ZS. Accessed 25 June 2024.
- Yoon, M. S., & Park, B. Y. (2022). Differences in Career Decision Self-Efficacy according to the Motives for Major Selection among Dental Hygiene Students. Journal of Technical Education and Literacy Science, 22(4), 256-263.
How to Cite
Bello, S. M., Bamgbose, B. O., & H.Muazu, M. (2024). Self- Efficacy and Career Enhancement Of Bayero University Dental Graduates. Bayero Business Review, 8(2), 195-209. https://doi.org/10.67894/bbr.2024.o89d9yik
S. M. Bello, B. O. Bamgbose, and M. H.Muazu, "Self- Efficacy and Career Enhancement Of Bayero University Dental Graduates," Bayero Business Review, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 195-209, October 2024. doi: 10.67894/bbr.2024.o89d9yik